The threat from unwanted knowledge and technology transfer

In a global race for technological superiority, PET (the Danish Security and Intelligence Service) is seeing a significant threat from foreign states trying to access Danish research and innovation, particularly in areas with potential military use. As the strategic importance of certain technologies grows, the development and protection of new, transformative knowledge are increasingly crucial to the future of Denmark and Europe.

 

Knowledge and technology can be transferred through legal or illegal means, but still be unwanted in relation to Danish interest and security. PET defines unwanted knowledge transfer as the transfer of knowledge, know-how, or technology from Danish research institutions or companies to actors connected with foreign states who may use this information in ways that are detrimental to Danish interests, such as developing military capabilities.

 

Foreign states have a clear strategic interest in acquiring advanced knowledge and technology in areas of critical importance. These include dual-use technologies like quantum technology, biotechnology, green technology, robotics, space technology, AI, and defence technology. There is also a risk of unwanted transfer related to research conducted in and around the Arctic.

 

Countries like Russia, China, and Iran are actively engaged in this global technological competition, driven by strong strategic objectives, and therefore present a particular challenge. These states have developed strategies to systematically adapt civilian technology for military use. Combined with extensive intelligence capabilities, this approach creates significant opportunities for acquiring advanced knowledge and technology from Denmark and its allies.

 

Legal and Illegal Access to Unwanted Knowledge and Technology

Recent years have seen substantial foreign investment in Danish research and innovation, including in critical technology sectors. Denmark’s leading position in these technologies makes it an attractive target, and foreign states employ various methods to access the knowledge and technology produced here. This creates a risk within research and innovation communities that information can be transferred through partnerships, joint publications, international recruitment, or talent programs. Similar risks exist within innovation communities relating to patent registrations, and foreign investments.

 

Unwanted knowledge or technology transfer can also have serious consequences for researchers and companies, leading to loss of control over research results, compromised research integrity, or misuse of data. Companies and innovation communities may experience diminished protection of trade secrets, loss of intellectual property (IP), and a weakened market position.